Gentrifry Mac OS

Gentrify This Definition of Knowledge Comedy 2020 Preview SONG TIME Low-Lo. 0:35 PREVIEW Slammin' in the Six. Shut down the Mac, and boot it up twice (Requirement for rEFIt). You should start seeing the rEFIt or rEFInd boot menu after the second reboot. Now, plug the Ubuntu USB stick into the Mac and boot the Mac. Select the new option in the menu which should be the USB stick. If there are multiple options, keep trying until you get one that boots. Global Nav Open Menu Global Nav Close Menu; Apple; Shopping Bag +.

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Is your Mac up to date with the latest version of the Mac operating system? Is it using the version required by a product that you want to use with your Mac? Which versions are earlier (older) or later (newer, more recent)? To find out, learn which version is installed now.

If your macOS isn't up to date, you may be able to update to a later version.

Which macOS version is installed?

From the Apple menu  in the corner of your screen, choose About This Mac. You should see the macOS name, such as macOS Big Sur, followed by its version number. If you need to know the build number as well, click the version number to see it.

Which macOS version is the latest?

These are all Mac operating systems, starting with the most recent. When a major new macOS is released, it gets a new name, such as macOS Big Sur. As updates that change the macOS version number become available, this article is updated to show the latest version of that macOS.

If your Mac is using an earlier version of any Mac operating system, you should install the latest Apple software updates, which can include important security updates and updates for the apps that are installed by macOS, such as Safari, Books, Messages, Mail, Music, Calendar, and Photos.

macOS	Latest version
macOS Big Sur	11.3
macOS Catalina	10.15.7
macOS Mojave	10.14.6
macOS High Sierra	10.13.6
macOS Sierra	10.12.6
OS X El Capitan	10.11.6
OS X Yosemite	10.10.5
OS X Mavericks	10.9.5
OS X Mountain Lion	10.8.5
OS X Lion	10.7.5
Mac OS X Snow Leopard	10.6.8
Mac OS X Leopard	10.5.8
Mac OS X Tiger	10.4.11
Mac OS X Panther	10.3.9
Mac OS X Jaguar	10.2.8
Mac OS X Puma	10.1.5
Mac OS X Cheetah	10.0.4

Of the MacBook Retina models the 13 and 15-inch models are slightly different. The 15-inch model is more complicated, as it has both an Intel and an nVidia graphics card. The setup steps common to both are here, and specifics are separated off below:

In theory, the steps here should be very similar to the 11,x model.

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Installation

These instructions will perform a Dual Boot setup with MacOS. A single boot installation could be performed, but you will need to use the rEFIt instructions for installing rEFIt to the EFI system partition using bless instead of to the MAC partition (which is the default). I have not tried this yet but you can read about it on the rEFIt website.

Preparation

To bootstrap using Ubuntu, grab a mac image and flash it to a USB drive. SD cards don't seem to work.

Use MacOS Disk Utility to resize the MacOS partition on the fly, which by default takes up most of the disk, and behind it create a Linux root partition of the size you desire. Note: if full disk encryption exists, it will necessary to temporarily disable it (takes a while) to make any changes to the partition table.

To connect to Ethernet a Thunderbolt (e.g. Apple Thunderbolt to Gigabit Ethernet Adapter) or USB adapter is needed. From kernel version 4.3 onward Thunderbolt hot-plugging should work on recent Apple hardware so it's no longer necessary to have the Thunderbolt Ethernet adapter plugged in during boot. ^[1]

Now, choose a bootloader to boot the liveUSB and the kernel to be made later.

Bootloader

Now you must choose your a EFI boot manager. Currently Apple's Bootcamp does not support Linux. However there are two option for you: rEFIt and rEFInd.

Using Refit

NB: Refit is no longer supported by OS X Yosemite, this due to changes in the OS X boot loader now treats local installation as quasi LVM. See ReFind for further details http://www.rodsbooks.com/refind/yosemite.html

Refit it is very easy to install however be aware that it is dead. There is longer any active development for it. I can confirm that is works well with OS X Mountain Lion however it's untested on OS X Mavericks which it hasn't been tested on. If you want to install it go here.

A major drawback of this method is that you cannot use an initramfs, so if you have lvm or encryption then you must use rEFInd.

You cannot pass kernel arguments using rEFIt, so it is useless on 15 in MacBooks where kernel arguments are required (unless you hardcode all arguments, which is very cumbersome).

In this method, the Mac app rEFIt will act as the boot manager/boot loader and it will boot the kernel directly.

Use at least a 3.7 kernel. The wireless drivers you need later do not compile with a kernel greater than 3.8 at the present time.

Complete the rest of the Gentoo installation, and reboot. rEFIt should show Gentoo_37_x64.efi as an option in the boot menu.

Using Refind

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Refind which is a fork of Refit and is being actively development and maintained. For installation see follow this link.

This option is recommended for 15 inch versions, as it allows for passing kernel parameters.

Setting up rEFInd must be done from OS X. Essentially it boils down to:

Getting rEFInd

• Go to http://sourceforge.net/projects/refind/files/
• Get the latest binary zip
• Extract it

Installing rEFInd

Configuring rEFInd

Later, once you've built a kernel, you'll need to edit /Volumes/efi/refind/refind.conf (from within Linux) to add your kernel, as would be done with GRUB.

You can (and probably should) have several entries, and can edit this file from within Linux.

Just compile the kernels normally and install them to EFI/gentoo on the EFI partition.

LiveUSB bootstrap

Now that the bootloader has been installed and the disk is prepared, we are ready to start bootstrapping.

Shut down the Mac, and boot it up twice (Requirement for rEFIt). You should start seeing the rEFIt or rEFInd boot menu after the second reboot.

Now, plug the Ubuntu USB stick into the Mac and boot the Mac. Select the new option in the menu which should be the USB stick. If there are multiple options, keep trying until you get one that boots. At the Ubuntu boot screen, press F6 to disable APIC, or you may experience random crashes.

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When it boots, most everything should work except the sound on the LiveCD.

Proceed with a standard Gentoo install using the Ubuntu live environment. Install your snapshot into the root partition you created (Probably /dev/sdb4) and configure it per the installation instructions but do not install the boot loader. Note that by default the EFI system partition will be /dev/sdb1, Apple root will be /dev/sdb2 and Apple recovery will be /dev/sdb3.

Configuration

Kernel

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I've included my 3.14 kernel config as a reference, which supports:

• Open source intel and nvidia drivers
• Apple magic mouse
• LVM
• LUKS encryption
• Bluetooth
• Everything below

These options are in addition to the standard options you would select for Intel based PC's

Configure your kernel as normal, but add the following options for EFI Stub (needed for rEFIt or rEFInd). More details about Kernel configuration for EFI stub are here: EFI stub kernel:

Ensure the following options are NOT set (required for proper Broadcom wireless):

If your machine is equipped with a SD card reader, you can enable the driver for it using:

If your machine is equipped with Thunderbolt ports be sure to enable these options in the kernel to enable hot-plugging:

For Bluetooth, follow the wiki.

If and only if you are using rEFIt, specify the root hard-coded in the kernel:

Make sure the root= line on your kernel command line configuration is correct.

Once configured, compile the kernel as normal but do not copy it to /boot. Once it is compiled, do the following:

Required for Audio: Add the following to the bottom of /etc/modprobe.d/alsa: It is not necessary.

Installing the kernel

Your built in MacBook SSD should be /dev/sdb if you booted from the Ubuntu USB which will probably be /dev/sda.Assuming it is /dev/sdb, your 'EFI System Partition' will be /dev/sdb1, in which case, copy it to the EFI partition as such:

If you used rEFInd and need an initramfs, copy it over too, and update refind.conf to have a matching menu entry.

It's a good idea with rEFInd to keep a few working kernels around, in case you bork one - this way you can get back in to rescue the system.

Wireless

There are two driver options for Broadcom wireless cards.

Open source B43 driver

The BCM 4331 wireless network card is supported by the B43 open source kernel driver. Note: Only B/G modes are supported by this in-kernel driver. 802.11n is not supported. To install, disregard the above kernel configuration for wireless and follow the Wifi guide.

Closed source Broadcom driver

The Broadcom closed source driver is the alternate option for the BCM 4331. In which case please disable the kernel options as detailed above. This driver supports 802.11n. It is the only package that supports wireless N for this chipset at this time. NB broadcom driver must be version 6.30.223.30 or higher. Enable the following kernel options to expose LIB80211 in the kernel:

Important
The broadcom-sta firmware package will have to be re-emerged each time the system has been upgraded to new kernel sources. Follow these steps:

1. Make sure the symbolic link is pointing to newly emerged kernel sources by running the following commands as necessary:

2. Next emerge the broadcom sta package:

3. Recompile the new kernel sources. They now will include the firmware needed to operate the broadcom wireless card.

If Portage complains, it may be necessary to accept the unstable version of the package then repeat the steps above:

Media keys

We will control the media keys using xbindkeys. Create an .xbindkeysrc in your home directory with the options mentioned. You can also use xbindkey -k to generate new mappings. To install, add 'xbindkeys' to your .xinitrc. You can access function keys by holding the Fn modifier in the bottom left of the keyboard.

We'll also need to create a local.d script:

Keyboard backlight

Install xbindkeys and add the following to your .xbindkeysrc:

Gentrifry Mac OS